Study+Questions+Rich

Week 1
1. What are some common operating systems used for web servers? //**Apache,IIS**// //**﻿**// 2. Explain the process of displaying a PHP page from request to page display in a browser. 3. What are Apache and IIS, and what is their purpose?
 * //Apache ([[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png width="11" height="11" caption="play"]] [|/] [|ə][|ˈ][|p][|æ][|tʃ][|iː] [|/] ), is [|web server] software notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the [|World Wide Web].//**
 * //Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as [|compiled] [|modules] which extend the core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support [|Perl], [|Python], [|Tcl], and [|PHP]. Popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest. A sample of other features include [|SSL] and [|TLS] support ([|mod_ssl]), a [|proxy] module ([|mod_proxy]), a URL rewriter (also known as a [|rewrite engine], implemented under mod_rewrite), custom log files (mod_log_config), and filtering support (mod_include and mod_ext_filter).//**
 * //Popular compression methods on Apache include the external extension module, mod_gzip, implemented to help with reduction of the size (weight) of web pages served over [|HTTP]. [|ModSecurity] is an open source intrusion detection and prevention engine for web applications. Apache logs can be analyzed through a web browser using free scripts such as [|AWStats]/[|W3Perl] or [|Visitors].//**
 * //[|Virtual hosting] allows one Apache installation to serve many different actual websites. For example, one machine with one Apache installation could simultaneously serve www.example.com, www.test.com, test47.test-server.test.com, etc.//**
 * //Apache features configurable error messages, [|DBMS]-based authentication databases, and [|content negotiation]. It is also supported by several [|graphical user interfaces] (GUIs).//**
 * //It supports password authentication and digital certificate authentication. Apache has a built in search engine and an HTML authorizing tool and supports FTP//.**

//**IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet [|server]s**// //**(including a Web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and a [|File Transfer]**// //**[|Protocol] server) with additional capabilities for Microsoft's [|Windows NT] and**// //**[|Windows 2000]**// //**Server operating systems. IIS is Microsoft's entry to compete in the Internet server market that is**// //**also addressed by [|Apache], Sun**// //**Microsystems, O'Reilly, and others. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and**// //**administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that**// //**access [|database]**// //**﻿**// 4. Describe the results of the phpinfo function. //**Calling this function inside a PHP page will list all of your PHP configuration information in a tabular forma**// //**Outputs a large amount of information about the current state of PHP. This includes information about PHP compilation options and extensions, the PHP version, server information and environment (if compiled as a module), the PHP environment, OS version information, paths, master and local values of configuration options, HTTP headers, and the PHP License.**// //**Because every system is setup differently, phpinfo is commonly used to check [|configuration settings] and for available [|predefined variables] on a given system.**// //** phpinfo is also a valuable debugging tool as it contains all EGPCS (Environment, GET, POST, Cookie, Server) data.**// //**﻿**// 5. Write the PHP code used to display the dateon a web page. //**date(format,timestamp)**//

PHP Date - Format the Date
//**The required format parameter in the date function specifies how to format the date/time.**// //**Here are some characters that can be used:**// //**﻿**// //****// 6. What is an HTTP header? //**HTTP Headers are the request to a server for information and the**// //**resulting response. When you input an address into your browser it sends**// //**a request to the server hosting the domain and the server responds**// //**﻿**// 7. Define the term //middleware//. //**Software that occupies a position in a hierarchy between the operating**// //**system and the applications, whose task is to ensure that software from a**// //**variety of sources will work together correctly**// 8. Define the term //database//.

//**A structured set of data held in a computer, esp. one that is accessible in various ways**// 9. What is meant by an //n//-tier web application? //**By breaking up an application into tiers, developers only have to**// //**modify or add a specific layer, rather than have to rewrite the enitire**// //**application over, if they decide to change __ [|technologies] __**// //**or scale up. In the term "N-tier," "N" implies any number -- like**// //**2-tier, or 4-tier; basically, any number of distinct tiers used in your**// //**architecture. Application architectures are part of Layer 7 of the [|OSI model].**// 10. What are key features of a CMS? //**A WCMS is a software system used to control a dynamic collection of Web material (HTML documents, images, and other forms of media).[|[2]] A CMS facilitates document control, auditing, editing, and timeline management. A WCMS typically has[|[3]][|[4]]:**// //**Automated templates**////**Create standard output templates (usually HTML and [|XML])**// //**that can be automatically applied to new and existing content, allowing**// //**the appearance of all content to be changed from one central place.**////**Access Control**////**Some WCMS systems support user Groups. User Groups allow you to**// //**control how registered users interact with the site. A page on the site**// //**can be restricted to one or more groups. This means if an Anonymous User**// //**(someone not logged on) or a Logged on User who is not a member of the**// //**Group a page is restricted to, the user will be denied access to the**// //**page.**////**Scalable expansion**////**Available in [|most modern WCMSs]**// //**is the ability to expand a single implementation (one installation on**// //**one server) across multiple domains, depending on the server's settings.**// //**WCMS sites may be able to create [|microsites]/[|web portals] within a main site as well.**////**Easily editable content**////**Once content is separated from the visual presentation of a site, it**// //**usually becomes much easier and quicker to edit and manipulate. Most**// //**WCMS software includes [|WYSIWYG] editing tools allowing non-technical individuals to create and edit content.**////**Scalable feature sets**////**Most WCMS software includes plug-ins or modules that can be easily installed to extend an existing site's functionality.**////**Web standards upgrades**////**Active WCMS software usually receives regular updates that include**// //**new feature sets and keep the system up to current web standards...**////**Workflow management**////**[|Workflow]**// //**is the process of creating cycles of sequential and parallel tasks that**// //**must be accomplished in the CMS. For example, one or many content**// //**creators can submit a story, but it is not published until the copy**// //**editor cleans it up and the editor-in-chief approves it.**////**Collaboration**////**CMS software may act as a [|Collaboration platform]**// //**allowing content to be retrieved and worked on by one or many**// //**authorized users. Changes can be tracked and authorized for publication**// //**or ignored reverting to old versions. Other advanced forms of**// //**collaboration allow multiple users to modify (or comment) a page at the**// //**same time in a collaboration session.**////**Delegation**////**Some CMS software allows for various user groups to have limited**// //**privileges over specific content on the website, spreading out the**// //**responsibility of content management.[|[5]]**////**Document management**////**CMS software may provide a means of collaboratively managing the**// //**life cycle of a document from initial creation time, through revisions,**// //**publication, archive, and document destruction.**////**Content virtualization**////**CMS software may provide a means of allowing each user to work**// //**within a virtual copy of the entire Web site, document set, and/or code**// //**base. This enables changes to multiple interdependent resources to be**// //**Like Document Management Systems CMS software may allow the process of [|versioning]**// //**by which pages are checked in or out of the WCMS, allowing authorized**// //**editors to retrieve previous versions and to continue work from a**// //**selected point. Versioning is useful for content that changes over time**// //**and requires updating, but it may be necessary to go back to or**// //**reference a previous copyviewed and/or executed in-context prior to submission.**////**Content syndication**////**CMS software often assists in content distribution by generating [|RSS] and [|Atom] data feeds to other systems. They may also e-mail users when updates are available as part of the workflow process.**////**Multilingual**////**Ability to display content in multiple languages.**////**Versioning**////**.**//
 * N-tier application architecture provides a model for developers to create a flexible, reusable application. **